Tokaido Shinkansen

The old Tokaido road (東海道) linked the imperial town of Kyoto (京都) to Edo(江戸), the former Tokyo(東京) following the Pacific Coast of Japan. It is the most peopled in the country as the weather is warmer than on the side of the Sea of Japan. Today, the Tokaido axis links the three greatest metropolises in Japan: Kanto(関東), Nagoya area (名古屋) and Kansai(関西). With Japan development in the 50s, the need of a large capacity and modern transportation system appeared. Japan invented at that time high-speed train. The line is still in service today, with an unparalleled reputation for speed, punctuality, frequency, security and comfort. The Tokaido Shinkansen is without doubt the best high speed train service in the world.

Back in 1940, Japan felt the need to build new rail tracks on the Tokaido road. Japan uses a narrower gauge (1067mm) that did not allow as much speed as the European trains of the time. In the fifties, the Kodama Express linked Tokyo to Osaka (around 550km) in 6h50 (average speed of 80km/h), wheras in the same period, the French “Mistral” service ran the 863km between Paris and Marseille in 7h10 (average of 120 km/h). The project was however canceled due to the war.

In the fifties, economic development meant the old Tokaido trunk line was close to saturation, as it was also ensuring freight transportation on an axis that did not have a motorway in service. The National Train company first thought was to double the tracks on the old Tokaido line, but it was not easy as the tracks crossed many urban areas, and it would have been necessary to destroy the buildings close the the railroad. So the alternative project of 1940 was started again: the building of standard gauge (1435 mm) tracks dedicated to high speed train. They were naturally called Shinkansen (新幹線) “New trunk lines”. The huge works was completed between 1959 and 1964. Many bridges and tunnels had to be built. Elevated tracks, bridges and tunnels account for around 80% of the track length. Some tunnels, such as Nihonzaka’s (日本坂) in Shizuoka (静岡), were directly reused from the interrupted works of 1940. The trains required an important amount of research, as electric engines of the time generated too much vibration. Technologies from the Japanese Naval Air force were introduced to solve the vibration issue by Tadashi Matsudaira and other aerospace engineers who joined the railways after the war. Thanks to the efficient cooperation of the JNR president Shinji Sogo, and his chief engineering officer Hideo Shima, everything was completed on time for the inauguration en 1964. Travel time between Tokyo and Osaka was reduced to 4 hours in 1964, then 3h10 in 1965. It is now down to only 2h30.

In the eighties, Japan privatized the heavily indebted National Railways. The network was separated in six companies, and the lines was attributed to “JR Central”, also called “JR Tokai” (東海), the company also managing standard lines in the Nagoya and Shizuoka region. Proceeds from the selling of the very profitable Tokaido Shinkansen allowed the debt to be paid back. Even today, part of the profit of the line is used to finance track improvement work in rural parts of Japan. Some people estimate that it represents an additional cost of 30% for the passenger. Since privatization, “JR Central” managed the line very efficiently. There was no casualty or injuries in the 44 years the line was in service. Average delay of trains was less than 6 seconds in 2003, including delays caused by earthquake, typhoons and heavy snowfalls.

There are plans to construct a new line based on ‘maglev’ technology between Tokyo and Nagoya following the mountain route “Chuo” (中央線). The last plans from the “JR Central” company plan an entry into service in 2025, and a test line has already been built in Yamanashi prefecture (山梨).

3 different types of train run on the line: Kodama (こだま) is the local service. There is a station every 20 or 30 km to serve medium-sized towns on the way. It usually runs between Tokyo and Nagoya, and between Nagoya and Osaka. Hikari (ひかり) stops in Hamamatsu (浜松), Shizuoka or Atami (熱海) in addition to the main stations. Nozomi (のぞみ) only stops in main station: Shinagawa (品川), Shin-Yokohama (新横浜), Nagoya, Kyoto and Shin-Osaka (新大阪). During peak hours, there are up to 11 departures every hour.

High-speed train is an high-tech industry with heavy investments. However, the passenger experience is mainly the result of the cabin layout. Shinkansen coaches have rows of 5 seats with a 2 and 3 layout. Seats are always turned so that passengers always face ahead when the train is moving. It is also possible to create a friendlier layout by turning back one row of seats so that groups of 4 or 6 people travel facing each other. Leg space is very large, so that even tall people can seat in comfortably in regular coaches. In comparison, French TGV or airplane economy class is a nightmare. Cabin decoration is simple, with white and beige the dominant colors, and shapes reminding of aircraft cabins. A display on top of the door gives information about the trip, news, and weather forecast. In the last generation trains (N700), passengers have plugs for their laptop and internet wi-fi access. The restaurant car service was discontinued in 2003, but there are trolleys selling coffee, drinks and sandwiches. There are coaches without reservations with free placement so that it is always possible to take a train at the last minute. It is easy to arrive by subway in Tokyo station without tickets, and to board a train departing 5 or 10 minutes later.

The Fare for the 450 kilometers between Shin-Yokohama and Kyoto (2 hours) is Y12890 (80 Euros) for a regular seat on Nozomi service with reservation. On a Hikari service, the same seat would cost Y12590 (78 Euros). A non-reserved seat valid for Hikari and Kodama is Y12080 (75.5 Euros). Children up to 11 years old pay half fare, but there are not that many other discounts. A completely flexible ticket between Paris and Lyon on the TGV is slightly more expensive, at 81.5 Euros, but the quality of service is less impressive (comfort, frequency, punctuality). However, there are more discount fares on the TGV (advanced non-refundable tickets can be bought for 62.90 Euros. However, the Shinkansen fares are also used in Japan to cross-subsidize the rural network, and are more expensive as a result.

Japan Railways has an up-to-date English site.

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The most outstanding view in Kansai

Japan is a mountainous archipelago. More than two third of the land are made of abrupt moutains covered by forest. There are sometimes only a few hundred meters of plain between the hills and the sea for humans to settle. I suggest we leave today for the “Rokko-san” (六甲山) range near Kobe (神戸) to get a spectacular summary of Japanese geography, and to enjoy the most beautiful panorama in Kansai (関西). You may want to end the trip in the hot-spring resort of Arima (有馬), probably the oldest in Japan.

For the less brave, a ropeway leads to the top of the moutain range. The observation platform near the upper station is worth a few minutes to enjoy the outstanding view of Kobe harbor. A bus then allows you easy access to the main tourist attractions. You may also want to hike you way to the summit. Departure of the trail is near the ashiya-gawa (芦屋川) station on the Hankyu Kobe (阪急神戸線) line. You should first follow signs to the « Rock Gardens » (ロックガーデン), then the well-mark track to the summit of Rokko-san. You will spend around 5 hours to climb and go down to Arima onsen. As always when hiking in Japan, you should be adequately equipped.

Mount Rokko is a climatic resort since 1895, when a British resident, Arthur H Gloom, installed a mountain hut near the summit. The place developed then as a resort where residents could enjoy the cool weather. The mountain is an important part of the city identity: the song of “Hanshin Tiger” (阪神タイガー) baseball team is “Rokko Oroshi” (六甲颪) or “The wind of Mount Rokko”. According to Hanshin fans, it is best song after a few beers during an outstanding victory against the Yomiuri Giants (読売巨人), the rival team from Tokyo.

The place has all the usual spots of Japanese tourism. The “Rokko Garden Terrace”, a replica of an European village, is a cluster of trendy shops. It even includes a castle tower, with a wall that reminds more of Japanese suburban houses than of Scottish castles. Rokko-san is also famous for its sheep farm, where local cheese is made. A restaurant near the “Rokko Garden Terrace” of course offers the “Genghis Kahn”, a mutton stew. The oldest golf of Japan was also built nearby, and you may enjoy the botanical garden and the “Country House” that also includes an artificial ski run.

More than the tourist spots, the most pleasant is the wonderful view from the mountain. The terrace at “Rokko Garden Terrace” is a wonderful place to watch Kansai from above. The panorama extends from Kobe to Osaka, with the sea in the background, just a few kilometers away. If the sky is clear, you may also see the Kansai International Airport built on a man-made island. This is a huge metropolis, with concrete as far as the eye can see, but high rise buildings are few and far apart. The Japanese cities are often chaotic: heterogeneous buildings are gathered randomly, with the exception of downtown Kobe, an area that was rebuilt after the earthquake. Reclaimed land area is visible all along the shore. In Kobe, two large man-made islands were built, “Rokko island” and “Port Island”. With the long recession, not all of this expensive land is used. During the earthquake, they proved especially unstable due to the high amount of water in the ground. This did not prevent the city from building an airport on reclaimed land, even further off the shore than Port Island.

Once you enjoyed the view, you may want to come back to Kobe through the other side of the moutain. A cable car will get you to the Arima. The 12 minutes trip above the forest is very pleasant. Once in Arima, you may want to go back to Kobe, but you may also spend a few hours enjoying the hot-springs. There is a legend that a 7th century emperor stayed several months there to enjoy the bathes. The town had ups and downs, and was almost destroyed by a major landslide in the 11th century. It was rebuilt by General Toyotomi Hideyoshi during the 16th century, and has thrived ever since. Two public bathes, “Kin-No-Yu” (金の湯) and « Gin-No-Yu » (銀の湯), can be visited during the day. There are many ryokans if you want to stay overnight.

Access to Mount Rokko

The « Rokko Cable car » goes all the way to the summit of the range. The departure station is close from the “Rokko” train station on the Hankyu line. One way ticket: Y570 (3.45 Euros), return ticket Y1000 (6 Euros). A return and summit bus ticket « Omote Rokko Shuyu Joshaken » is also available for Y1300. Access to the cable car is easier by bus 16 from the Hankyu « Rokko » station and JR “Rokko-michi” station.

« Rokko Arima Ropeway » links Arima station to the summit. Ticket is Y980 (6 Euros) one way, Y1770 (10.80 Euros) for a return ticket. A formula including the summit bus “ Ura Rokko Shuyu Joshaken” costs Y1900 (11.52 Euros).

A one way ticket from Kobe to ARima including the cable car, the summit bus, and the ropeway called “Rokko Arima Katamichi Joshaken” will set you back Y1700 (10.30 Euros).

You may return from Arima to Kobe using the Shintetsu (神鉄) train line, with a transfer in Arimaguchi (有馬口), and then a transfer in Tanigami (谷上) to the Kobe subway. The trip to Sannomiya (三宮) costs Y900 (5.45 Euros) for 30 minutes of train.

Kin-No-Yu: Admission Y650 (4 Euros), opened from 8:00 to 22:00, closed every second and fourth Tuesday of each month.
Gin-No-Yu: Admission Y550 (3.3 Euros), opened from 9:00 to 21:00, closed every first and third Tuesday of each month.

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Romantic week-end in an onsen

Japanese urban life is certainly exciting, but one sometimes feels the need of a break. In this hard-working and crowded country, there is an ideal getaway to forget the stress of urban life for the time of a short week-end. Whether you wish to rest after an intense week of work, have some private time with your special one, or enjoy a friendly family outing, Japanese traditional inns (旅館, ryokan) will welcome you for a night. Most of them are located in hot-spring resorts, and offer bathes in natural hot water (温泉, onsen). More than an accommodation, ryokans offer a show, a travel in an idealized traditional Japan.

Starting from the main cities, you can reach hot-spring resorts in one or two hours. They come in all size and various degree of refinement. The mass-market Kinugawa-onsen (鬼怒川温泉), a few kilometers away from Nikko(日光) was built in a modern style that would not be out of place in the suburbs. The smart Shuzenji-Onsen (修善寺温泉), 90 minutes away from Tokyo gathers luxury inns, some of them comparing well to the most beautiful wooden temples of Japan. Isolated Ryokans also propose a friendly rest in isolated places. The very convenient resort of Atami (熱海), just 50 minutes away from Tokyo looks like a small Monaco, with its large buildings on the slope of the mountains by the sea.

A week-end in a “Onsen” starts on Saturday morning in the station or the car rental agency. You will then leave the city. You may want to have a nice lunch and one hour of sightseeing on the way. Travelers on their way to Shuzenji may enjoy a well-deserved rest in Mishima (三島) to taste the local eel (うなぎ, unagi). Hosts to the Kinugawa onsen resort may enjoy climbing the local mountain by foot (山頂) or cable-car. It is recommended to reach the ryokan by mid-afternoon. Their architecture is very diverse: some of them are wooden buildings in traditional Japanese style, old or recent. Others are very modern-looking hotels with concrete walls shamelessly exhibited. You should not let the outside appearance repel you, as the service at those hotels is usually outstanding. Some of them may even offer a traditional service in a tatami room. And once inside, you will not care about those ugly concrete walls.

You will be warmly welcome by the house staff, in traditional attire. They will lead you to your room. Some of them are Japanese style (和室), with tatami floor and wooden walls. The traditional service includes the meals served in the room. The table is then put aside, and the traditional Japanese bed is brought out of the closets: it is made of a mattress on the floor and a duvet (布団, futon). This formula has some drawbacks: the guests are often disturbed by the staff, first around 6pm to set the dinner table, then to put the table away and install the bed, and early in the morning (7 or 8am) to install the breakfast table. Some western style rooms (洋室), with a meal served in the restaurant are also available, but have less appeal, and the restaurant is less suited to private discussions. Most young Japanese enjoy the serenity of traditional Japanese rooms, but do not wish to be disturbed. This is why most modern onsens have a “mixed” formula, probably the most pleasant: guests can enjoy a Japanese style room, with a small alcove containing western style beds. Meals are taken in a private space separated from the room.

Once installed in your room, you will be served a small sweet and green tea. The staff will discuss with you as if you were a long time guest. If the buildings have an interesting history, it will be explained in details. Do not be surprised if the staff calls your husband (旦那さん, dannasan) or "your wife" (奥さん, okusan) the date from 3 days ago you bring with you there. Once alone in the room, you will change to the yukata (浴衣) provided, a cotton dressing gown that will be much more comfortable than your travel clothes. If you look like a rugby player, the staff will do its best to bring you the only « extra long » (特大Tokudai) yukata they have. It is perfectly acceptable to wander outside your room wearing the yukata. As you are now ready to go to the bath, you should put your valuables in the safe of the room, or in your luggage. Then, you will put your room key, and your towel in the small bag provided.

The traditional collective bath has separate spaces for men (indicated by a blue colour and the sign 男) and women (indicated by red and the sign 女). Moth bathes use traditional materials: stone, wood, and bamboo. The simplest bathes are small square pools in wood or stone less than a meter deep and wide enough to stretch the body inside. The room wall may be decorated with a paint of various artistic qualities. Some bathes are small stone pools looking like a small natural pond, artistically integrated in the landscape. This is not just a bath, but a show. The first step is to thoroughly wash yourself in the showers adjoining the bath, then to enter the bath naked. You may want to hide some parts of your body with the small towel provided until you enter in the water. Anyways, the chance is you will not think about it anymore after a few seconds. The bath water is often very hot, and, after a few minutes, you should exit and cool down. There is sometimes a cold water pool nearby for that.

Outside bathes (露天風呂, Rottenburo) are the most pleasant. They often offer a pleasant view on the surroundings. The contrast between the hot water and fresh air is ideal. Even when the outside temperature is negative, the warmth accumulated in the hot bath will allow you to stay naked outside for a few minutes without feeling the cold. The writer of this story has unforgettable memories of a bath in a rottenburo under the snow. Private bathes can also be booked, often for half an hour, without an extra fee. They allow a fun and intimate bath. In some ryokans, a private bath on the balcony is also available. This is probably the most pleasant formula, but is slightly more expensive. Whatever the formula, the greatest pleasure of the onsen is after the bath. The whole body relaxed by the bath, it is very pleasant to wander in the hotel, have a tea, and slowly read a well chosen book in its room, while enjoying the subtle tatami smell. There is always a sweet and tea available for this moment.

The dinner is served at Japanese time, from 6 to 9pm. Several dishes are served. The meal makes the best of seasonal and regional ingredients that will be explained in detail by the staff. All the dishes are elegantly set. Classical examples are small wooden boats on which sashimi (刺身, sashimi) is served, and food served on bamboo. The plates are always in traditional Japanese style. Very often, enjoyable « cook-it-yourself » dishes are part of the menu. Meat to cook on a hot plate, or tofus cooked on the table are common. There are also many pot dishes (鍋, nabe) heated on the guest table. Japanese sake and beer are always available, and a reasonable price even at the most expensive places. There is often enough time after dinner for a second hot-spring bath. Alcohol and the hot water will ensure you will sleep very well. Breakfast is served between 7 and 9am, and is made of sweet and salty regional delicacies.

After a last bath in the morning, departure is quite early. There is enough time left in the Sunday to perform ambitious sightseeing. From Kinugawa-onsen, it is possible to go to Nikko. Izu Peninsula (伊豆半島) and Hakone (箱根) also offer first-class tourism. A car is very convenient to go to remote places as countryside buses are expensive and infrequent. However there will be awful traffic jams on Sunday night on the roads back to the cities. Public transport is less convenient for sightseeing, but reserved limited trains are a very convenient way to go back home in style. From the train window, the landscape will become more and more urban, the neon’s will be brighter, and after crossing a few rivers, the trip will only end on the train station, back to daily life.

Onsen resorts close from Tokyo and prices

In Tokyo areas, the most accessible areas are:

• Izu peninsula: the towns of Atami, Ito, Shimoda, Toi and Shuzenji cluster many onsen ryokans. There is much sightseeing available in a scenery mixing the sea and the mountain;
• Hakone: this mountain resort close to Mount Fuji is a first-rate sightseeing spot, with impressive volcanic fumes, and the beautiful lake on which Mount Fuji reflects. Odakyu Line offers reserved limited train services (1h31, Y2020 - 12.6 Euros) to Hakone Yumoto (箱根湯本)
• Southern Alps are the highest mountains in Japan. A car is necessary to reach those remote valleys, and on the way, the Fuji five lakes will make a memorable stop. Onsens are often in remote places. It is better to avoid returning to Tokyo by the “Chuo” motorway (中央高速道路) on Sunday night. It is common to spend 5 or 6 hours to come back to the city;
• Kinugawa-onsen: the Onsen “Costa Brava”: easily accessible from Tokyo, this resort gathers large hotels built around a river canyon: the atmosphere is quite urban, but the service offered by the hotels is often of good quality. The superb temple complex of Nikko is only a few minutes train away, and will make an unforgettable week-end. Access through the special reserved Tobu “Kinu” train (1h57, Y2800 - 17.5 Euros)

Le The “non-profit” independent site Secret Japan is a huge database about onsens, with explanations in French or English.

Prices vary with the quality of service and prestige. They are always higher on week-end.

The “Biwa” ryokan (枇杷) in Toi (土肥) is offering a two-meals and night formula with a massage included for around Y75.000 (470 Euros) for two people on weekdays, and Y95.000 (600 Euros) on week-end. The hotel is new, but built in the traditional way, with wonderful wooden “pouters”. Each room has a private rottenburo bath on the balcony, with a view on the sea and the city. Food is excellent, and served in an individual space. Address: 静岡県伊豆市土肥259-1 Toi Izu-shi Shizuoka-ken. Tel 0559-97-3124. Access to Toi: ferry from Shimizu, bus from Mishima or Shuzenji.

The hotel “Asaya” in Kinugawa-onsen has several hundred rooms, and offer two-meals formula with Japanese dinner at the restaurant, large (15 tatami) japanese room, and all-you-can-eat breakfast for 42500 Yens (250 Euros) on weekdays et 47000 Yens (300 Euros) on week-end for two. Entrance to the bath, including a rottenburo on the roof, is included. There are less expensive formulas in the hotel. Address: 813 Taki – Kinugawa Onsen, Nikko-shi, Tochigi-ken 321-2526 栃木県日光市鬼怒川温泉滝８１３Tel : 0288.77.1111. Direct Access from the Tobu Asakusa station in Tokyo by the trains of the Tobu company.

Both Ryokans can be booked through Yahoo Japan Travel.

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Private train networks in Tokyo

Generations of would-be town planner spent whole days on the American videogame "Simcity", in the shoes of the mayor. The aim is to tax city dwellers, and to develop the town by smartly spending public money. The equivalent game in Japan is called "A-Train", but players are in the role of the president of the local railway company. The goal is then to build train lines, and speculate on land close to the stations, by building office blocks, hotels, supermarkets and even theme parks. This is an excellent symbol of the major role of private railways in the development of Japanese cities. The result is certainly confusing, but those rail suburbs are very convenient and easy to live in. This story gets us to the south-west of Tokyo, at the heart of the “Tokyu” empire, for an impressive lesson of private urbanism.

Keita Kobayashi, a brilliant high school student from rural Japan was admitted in the prestigious Tokyo University where he met Takaaki Kato, a politician later to become prime minister, who took the young Keita under his protection. He spent fifteen years as a civil servant, and was then nominated as the president of the struggling Musashi railway company. He turned it around, and put in service between 1922 and 1938 the four minor lines of the Tokyu network in the close suburbs of Tokyo:

• Oimachi line between Futago-tamagawa and Oimachi : 10.4 km
• Ikegami line between Gotanda and Kamata : 10.1 km
• Meguro line between Meguro and musashi-kosugi : 9.1 km
• Tamagawa line between Tamagawa and Kamata : 5.6 km

Through an aggressive acquisition campaign, the company, renamed as “Tokyu”, bought the two major lines of the network:

• Toyoko line between Tokyo and Yokohama in 1939 : 24.2 km
• part of the Den-enToshi line between Shibuya and Futago-Tamagawa in 1942, extended after the war to Chuo Rinkan: 31.5 km

During the war, Keita Kobayashi bought the other networks of western Tokyo suburbs (Odakyu and Keio), and built part of the Tokyo subway, but the group was dismembered at the end of the war by the American Occupation Authority, and only kept control of the six lines mentioned above.

The company was a major driver of post war urbanism. It was directly involved in the development of the most important new Town in Japan, the “Tama Den-En-Toshi”. In 1953, only 20.000 People were living in the rural zone between Mizunokochi and Chuo Rinkan. Tokyu built the railway line, and recouped its costs by developing areas adjoining the railways. 550.000 people are now settled in the well-regarded area. This operation stayed unique in the history of Japan.

Works did not stop after the war. The network is regularly upgraded. Three lines are connected to the subway network, which allows very convenient through-services from suburban stations to almost everywhere in the city center. The company is current working on two new interconnections, and to increase capacity on a busy section. Upgrades are partially subsidised by public money since the 1970, especially the elevation of tracks, which contributes to road safety.

As early as 1937, the president of Tokyu had the briliant idea of building a department store in its terminal station in Shibuya. The store is still active, and includes the famous “Tokyu Food Show”, a well stocked food supermarket. The group has also created two very famous chain stores: “Tokyu Hands”, a unique do-it-yourself shop, and “book-off”, a second-hand book store.

The company also developed major real estate projects around its stations: the most spectacular is probably the Carrot Tower, a surprising office building in Sangenjaya. It also owns several hotel chains in Japan and overseas, and created a domestic airline, "Japan Air System", now merged into JAL. The company also built the « Izukyu » rail line that offers easy access to one of the most beautiful areas in Japan. Leveraging on its rail infrastructure, it developed a cable company serving around one million households. Diversification went as far as commercials, as Tokyu owns a famous communication agency. In addition to developing its piece of Tokyo suburbs, the company is an engine for the Japanese economy.

Life in Tokyo suburbs is centered on the rail network. Train is the easiest way to commute to work, which is made convenient by the interconnections with the Tokyo underground. Coaches are clean, safe and fully air-conditioned. As it is the company main cash cows, the network is managed very seriously. Overcrowding is less and less an issue, as the capacity is regularly expanded. Car is a marginal transportation mode: wide avenues are rare, there is no parking in the street, and there are tolls on urban motorways.

The first place to go out is the vicinity of the station (around 30 of them on the Toyoko line). Restaurants and shops cluster around, and very often, a supermarket owned by the train company is the best shopping option. Most places are open until 10 pm, so it is very convenient to buy food or essentials on the way back from work. All stations have their taxi stand, and a safe bicycle park, ensuring easy access to those that are living 10 to 20 minutes walk away from the station. Most roads in the vicinity are very narrow, and almost pedestrian. High-rise condos are usually located near the station, where the rents are slightly more expensive.

For a more elaborate shopping, destinations around the suburban rail network are the best option, as access is fast and the fare is cheap, especially as it is also sometimes possible to use the point-to-point rail pass paid by their corporation for office workers. Connection stations developed naturally into fashionable areas with the help from the train company: restaurants, fashionable boutiques and major stores cluster around the stations of Jiyugaoka, Futago-Tamagawa, Sangenjaya and Naka-Meguro. They can be reached from most places in the network in a few minutes.

Most suburban rail networks also serve recreational areas. The Tokyu network is less endowed than others, as the Tamagawa river banks, the exclusive suburb of Den-en-Chofu, and the port of Yokohama are almost the only options for a Sunday walk. However, the company also developed a small amusement park, “Kodomonokuni”, served by a special rail branch. Some private networks deserve major tourist areas like Hakone or Nikko. They often have special services on comfortable coaches bound for those destinations.

For very special shopping, or a night out, most inhabitants of the Tokyu Empire head for Shibuya, the terminal station of the two main lines in Tokyo. The station platforms directly lead to the Tokyu department store, the most simple place to go shopping. Shibuya is also a famous night spot with bars, night clubs, and its famous "love hotel hill". Modern Tokyo was developed around those suburban rail terminals. The likes of Ueno, Shinjuku, Ikebukuro and Shibuya are dynamic downtown areas, each of them comparing well with European or American cities.

Urbanism based on train has many advantages: a car is not necessary even in the suburbs. Station surroundings are lively commercial areas. Transport is safe, fast and air-conditioned on the whole network. This way of life seems perfectly suited for a 21st century that needs to limit its environmental impacts.

Fares and Travel times :

• Shibuya – Yokohama : Y260 (1.65 Euro), 30 minutes, 24.2 km
• Shibuya – Jiyugaoka : Y150 (0.93 Euro), 11 minutes, 7km
• Shibuya – Chuo-Rinkan: Y320 (2 Euro), 38 minutes, 31.5 km
• Kamata – Gotanda: Y190 (1.18 Euro), 23 minutes, 10.1 km
• Kamata – Tamagawa: Y150 (0.93 Euro), 10 minutes, 5.6 km
• Oimachi, Futago-tamagawa : Y190 (1.18 Euro), 22 minutes, 10.4 km
• Meguro – Musashikosugi : Y190 (1.18Euro), 19 minutes, 9.1 km
• Sangenjaya – Shimotakaido : Y140 (0.87 Euro), 17 minutes, 5 km

Interconnections between suburban trains and subway:

• Hibiya subway line from Naka-Meguro on the Toyoko line
• Nanboku subway line from Meguro station on the Meguro line
• Mita subway line from Meguro station on the Meguro line
• Hanzomon subway line from Shibuya on the Denentoshi line
• Minatomirai subway line in Yokohama from Yokohama station

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Japan on the Internet

This page gathers useful and otherwise interesting links on Japan. Please do not hesitate to suggest any site worth the visit by a comment to this page or by e-mail.

Embassies

Embassies should be the first stop on your Internet search about Japan. They all maintain accurate and up-to-date information about the country:

• UK Embassy (http://www.uknow.or.jp/be_e/)


• US Embassy (http://tokyo.usembassy.gov/)


• Embassy of Canada (http://www.canadanet.or.jp/english.shtml)


• Embassy of Australia (http://www.australia.or.jp/english/seifu/)

Yahoo Japan (http://www.yahoo.co.jp)

Managed by the company “Softbank”, Yahoo Japan provides numerous services to the users, including cards (地図), public transport trip calculator (路線), an online travel agency (旅行), online real estate (不動産), a restaurant guide (グルメ). There are competitors providing equivalent services in each category, but Yahoo is a convenient « one-stop shop » for everyday life in Japan.

Information

Two daily newspapers have an online presence:

• Le « Japan Times » (http://www.japantimes.co.jp/) is an English-language daily geared towards the expat anglo-saxon community in Japan.


• Le « Daily Yomiuri » (http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/) is the English version of the most popular daily newspaper in Japan.

English forums

Most expats frequently use internet forums, which are often the quickest way to get precise information, and at no cost. There are also long passionate discussions. Each forum has its own personality and style. Newcomers are welcome, as long as they respect the rules which boil down to “search before you ask a question” and “be polite and use correct English”. I also advise to avoid political or ideological discussions, and to respect forum moderators who spend a lot of time to look after their site.

• The elegantly named “fuckedgaijin” (http://www.fuckedgaijin.com/): is a very lively forum, certainly not restrained by political correctness. Members experience is represented by bottles of beer.


• Japan Reference (http://www.jref.com/) has a more neutral presentation. It is to my knowledge the most lively forum about Japan in English, with an especially rich section on Japanese music.

Blogs and personal sites

Numerous blogs relate their author experience on Japan. I will try to maintain a list of the most outstanding ones:

• Old Photos of Japan (http://oldphotosjapan.com/en), outstanding old photographs on Japan, with detailed explanation of the context.

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